Bulgarian Antarctic Research

by Heiner Kubny

06/07/2026

The St. Kliment Ohridski Station is a central pillar of Bulgaria’s Antarctic strategy: it strengthens the country’s international research presence while also serving as a training site for young scientists in the natural and geosciences. (Photo: BAI)

Bulgaria began its Antarctic activities as early as 1967–1969, when Bulgarian meteorologists participated in the 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition. An important step in development came during the austral summer of 1987/88, when six Bulgarian scientists worked alongside international partners to gain experience in research and ogistics. During this time, a shelter station was established on Livingston Island.

Research at St. Kliment Ohridski Station focuses primarily on climate, glaciers, flora and fauna, as well as geology. The station also serves as a base for international expeditions. (Photo: BAI)

Between 1993 and 2022, Bulgaria organized a total of 30 Antarctic expeditions. The summer station “St. Kliment Ohridski” was developed during this period; it can accommodate up to 25 people and is used both seasonally and year-round. Its operation is supported by Spanish polar institutions. The expeditions are organized by the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, while funding is mainly provided by the Ministry of Education and Science. Scientific work focuses primarily on geosciences, life sciences, as well as environmental and medical research. In geology, the emphasis is on the development of the South Shetland Islands, where a significant fossil discovery has provided new insights into Earth’s history. Biological research centers on the biodiversity of Livingston Island, where numerous species have been studied and several new ones discovered. Genetic studies on penguins and environmental investigations, such as heavy metal contamination, also play an important role

The Lame Dog Hut was built in April 1988 and served as the main building of St. Kliment Ohridski Station until 1998. Today, it is the oldest preserved structure on Livingston Island and houses a museum exhibition with artifacts from the early Bulgarian scientific and logistical missions in Antarctica. (Photo: BAI)

Another key research area is the study of the effects of UV radiation on cells, as well as related protective mechanisms. In glaciology and meteorology, the focus lies on investigating microclimates, developing modern measurement methods, and analyzing ice samples.

The National Antarctic Programme is open to Bulgarian scientists and is strongly internationally oriented. Bulgaria has been a party to the Antarctic Treaty since 1978 and a consultative member since 1998. Overall, the country has developed into an active and reliable partner in international polar research and makes a significant contribution to understanding the Antarctic environment.

Website: Bulgarian Antarctic Institute

Heiner Kubny, PolarJournal