Antarctica could, for the first time, be connected directly to the global data network via an undersea fibre-optic cable. A feasibility study commissioned by Chile has concluded that this is technically feasible. However, financial, political and environmental issues still need to be resolved before the project can be implemented.
To date, Antarctica’s digital connectivity has been heavily reliant on satellites. Given the ever-increasing volumes of scientific data, this infrastructure is increasingly reaching its limits.
Chile wants to change that. The state telecommunications authority, Subtel, commissioned a study to investigate whether a fibre-optic cable running from southern Chile through the Drake Passage to the Antarctic Peninsula would be feasible. The study has reached a positive conclusion: there are no insurmountable technical obstacles.
Two possible options
A smaller option would run for around 1,600 kilometres from Punta Arenas and Puerto Williams to three Chilean facilities in Antarctica. The cost is estimated at around 370 million US dollars.
A larger option envisages a 4,100-kilometre-long cable system with nine landing points, which could also connect stations belonging to other countries. The cost is estimated at around 621 million US dollars.
For research, the connection would represent a major step forward. Climate, ocean and satellite data could be transmitted at a significantly higher capacity. Data rates of 15 to 30 terabits per second per connection point are envisaged.
Cable could also collect data
So-called SMART sensors could be integrated into the fibre-optic system. They could continuously monitor temperature, pressure and seismic activity on the seabed of the Drake Passage. The cable would thus itself become a scientific measuring instrument.
However, construction would be challenging. Great water depths, icebergs and sea ice, as well as sensitive marine areas and the environmental regulations of the Antarctic Treaty, must be taken into account.
No decision yet
Despite the positive study, a decision on construction has not yet been made. Funding, international partners, the operational structure and permits must first be clarified.
In September 2026, the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) and the Magallanes Region, amongst others, are due to give their views. The project could be submitted to the Chilean Council for Antarctic Policy in November.
Should the decision be favourable, the planners estimate that full implementation will take around eight years. This would mean Antarctica could be directly connected to the global fibre-optic network for the first time, a significant step for research and the exchange of scientific data.
Heiner Kubny, PolarJournal